Classical orienteering is called Foot orienteering – that’s because it involves running. Nevertheless during its history were also invented other forms of this sport, which have in common using of a map. Official sister sports are under the head of International Orienteering Federation (IOF) and are three – Mountain Bike Orienteering (MTBO), Ski Orienteering and Trail Orienteering.
Mountain Bike Orienteering
Nowadays the most popular alternative to orienteering, competitors are allowed to use bike during the courses. Rules for Mountain Bike Orienteering are little bit different, but still very close to classical Foot orienteering. Like Ski Orienteering it has its own map key based on standard orienteering key but with changes which emphasize especially quality of roads and paths. Maps are usually placed to special map holders which are mounted on the handlebar of a bike and can rotate (so they can be every time oriented to right direction).
Mountain Bike Orienteering
Ski Orienteering
Form of orienteering created by merger of classical orienteering and cross-country skiing. The rules are quite same as in Mountain Bike Orienteering, maps have little bit different map key which nevertheless still emphasizes quality of cross-country skiing tracks. This sport suffers very much from weather conditions – in contrary to other orienteering forms which are held in almost every weather conditions – it needs at least some amount of snow, without it can’t be organized.
Trail Orienteering
The newest of orienteering sister sports and the most distant from basic idea of orienteering, that is Trail Orienteering. Originally developed as a kind of sport for handicapped people, it almost resigns on measurement of time. Instead of this it concentrates on map reading ability. The competitors are faced with several control flags very close to each other and by reading of a map and control descriptions, they have to decide which of the flags symbolize the control they have in a map. Between controls is no measured time and way is usually marked. Goal is to recognize as much right control flags as possible.
Beside these three sports are several forms which are more or less popular, but are not under the International Orienteering Federation – notably Radio Orienteering (runners are trying to find control by signal it transmits) or Rogaining (very long courses on smaller scale maps).
Mountain Bike Orienteering
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